Contingent derivatives and regularization for noncoercive inverse problems

Abstract

We study the inverse problem of parameter identification in noncoercive variational problems that commonly appear in applied models. We examine the differentiability of the set-valued parameter-to-solution map using the first-order and the second-order contingent derivatives. We explore the inverse problem using the output least-squares and the modified output least-squares objectives. By regularizing the noncoercive variational problem, we obtain a single-valued regularized parameter-to-solution map and investigate its smoothness and boundedness. We also consider optimization problems using the output least-squares and the modified output least-squares objectives for the regularized variational problem. We give a complete convergence analysis showing that for the output least-squares and the modified output least-squares, the regularized minimization problems approximate the original optimization problems suitably. We also provide the first-order and the second-order adjoint method for the computation of the first-order and the second-order derivatives of the output least-squares objective. We provide discrete formulas for the gradient and the Hessian calculation and present numerical results.     

100kV直流高温超导电缆终端应力锥设计

本文提出了一种新的单直线应力锥设计方法,根据PPLP材料的绝缘特性,结合超导电缆的本体尺寸和设计电压,给出了增饶绝缘厚度和应力锥轴向长度的设计数据,其中增饶绝缘厚度为3.5 mm,应力锥轴向长度为38.5 mm,并对单直线应力锥进行电场数值分析,结果表明,所设计的单直线应力锥满足100 kV直流高温超导电缆运行要求。     

A review of mobility metrics for next generation vehicle mobility models

In the United States, the NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM) has been used for evaluating military ground vehicle mobility and the Vehicle Cone Index (VCI) has been selected as a mobility metric. VCI represents the minimum soil strength required for a vehicle to consistently make a specific number of passes, usually one or fifty passes. In the United Kingdom, the Mean Maximum Pressure (MMP) has been adopted as a metric for assessing military vehicle cross-country mobility. MMP is the mean value of the maxima occurring under all the wheel stations of a vehicle. Both VCI and MMP are empirically based. This paper presents a review of the basis upon which VCI and MMP were developed, as well as their applications to evaluating vehicle mobility in practice. With the progress in terramechanics and in modelling and simulation techniques in recent years, there is a growing desire to develop physics-based mobility metrics for next generation vehicle mobility models. Based on the review, criteria for selecting physics-based mobility metrics are proposed. Following these criteria, metrics for characterizing military vehicle traction limits and traversability on a given operating area are recommended.     

一类变号(k,n-k)共轭边值问题正解的存在性

通过构造一个特殊的锥,利用范数形式的锥拉伸锥压缩不动点定理,在允许非线性项变号无下界且没有任何单调性假设的条件下,得出了一类高阶(k,n-k)共轭两点边值问题方程组正解的存在性结论.     

Goos-Hänchen and Imbert-Fedorov shifts in tilted Weyl semimetals

We establish the beam models of Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov (IF) effects in tilted Weyl semimetals (WSMs), and systematically study the influences of Weyl cone tilting and chemical potential on the GH and IF shifts at a certain photon energy 1.96 eV. It is found that the GH and IF shifts in tilted type-I and type-Ⅱ WSMs are both almost symmetric about the Weyl cone tilting. Meanwhile, the GH and IF shifts in type-I WSMs almost do not change with the tilt degree of Weyl cones, while those in type-Ⅱ WSMs are extremely dependent on tilt degree. These trends are mainly due to the nearly symmetric distribution of WSMs conductivities, where the conductivities keep stable in type-I WSMs and gradually decrease with tilt degree in type-Ⅱ WSMs. By adjusting the chemical potential, the boundary between type-I and type-Ⅱ WSMs widens, and the dependence of the beam shifts on the tilt degree can be manipulated. Furthermore, by extending the relevant discussions to a wider frequency band, the peak fluctuation of GH shifts and the decrease of IF shifts occur gradually as the frequency increases, and the performance of beam shifts at photon energy 1.96 eV is equally suitable for other photon frequencies. The above findings provide a new reference for revisiting the beam shifts in tilted WSMs and determining the types of WSMs.     

Simultaneous determination of naphazoline and pyridoxine in eye drops using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence coupled with second-order calibration method based on alternating trilinear decomposition algorithm

A novel method is developed for the direct determination of naphazoline hydrochloride(NAP) and pyridoxine hydrochloride(VB6) in commercial eye drops. By using excitation–emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence coupled with second-order calibration method based on the alternating trilinear decomposition(ATLD) algorithm, the proposed approach can achieve quantitative analysis successfully even in the presence of unknown and uncalibrated interferences. The method shows good linearity for NAP and VB6 with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The results were in good agreement with the labeled contents. To further confirm the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method, the same batch samples were analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) based on LC–MS/MS method.T-test demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the prediction results of the two methods. The satisfactory results obtained in this work indicate that the use of the second-order calibration method coupled with the EEM is a promising tool for industrial quality control and pharmaceutical analysis due to its advantages of high sensitivity, low-cost and simple implementation.     

抽象空间中非线性算子方程变号解的存在性研究

利用Banach空间中的锥理论和不动点定理讨论了非线性算子方程变号解的存在性,给出了E_u_0空间下非线性算子方程变号解至少有一个变号解、一个正解和一个负解的条件,并讨论了仅通过一个上解条件得出非线性算子方程变号解的存在性定理.     

Conformationally Selective Synthesis of Mononitrocalix[4]arene in Cone or Partial Cone

Nitro‐substituted calixarenes in a cone and a partial cone conformation were prepared selectively using distinct synthetic routes. The selective nitration of tris‐ or penta‐substituted phenols of calix[4]arene or calix[6]arene provided mononitrocalix[n ]arenes (n  =  4, 6). Subsequent addition of ethylene glycol (EG) moieties to mononitrocalix[4]arene provided tetraEGylcalix[4]arene in locked partial cone conformation. By an alternative route – initial addition of EG moieties to the non‐derivatized calix[4]arene followed by the uncontrolled nitration – provided mononitro‐ and dinitro‐tetraEGylcalix[4]arenes locked in the cone conformation. These nitrocalix[4]arenes with locked cone or partial cone conformation are useful building blocks for further assembly of supramolecular systems, especially in the area of material sciences.     

Exact separation theorem for closed sets in Asplund spaces

In this paper, in terms of the Fréchet normal cone, we establish exact separation results for finitely many disjoint closed sets in an Asplund space, which supplement the extremal principle and some fuzzy separation theorems. As an application, we provide a new optimality condition for a constraint optimization problem in terms of Fréchet subdifferential and Fréchet normal cone.